Cast Gold Dental Implants Crowns Polyetherether ketone PEEK
The most commonly used implant abutment materials to be discussed are:
• Titanium:
– machined
– polished
– Laser-Lok.
• Surgical grade stainless steel.
• Cast gold.
• Zirconia.
• Polyetherether ketone (PEEK).
Titanium
Physical properties
Titanium is the only element that offers the unique combination of strength, light weight, and biocompatibility, as well as being extremely durable and strong. Titanium has high corrosion resistant and the highest strength to weight ratio of any known element.
Titanium abutments are either made of commercially pure titanium or titanium alloy.
Commercially pure titanium Commercially pure (CP) titanium is widely utilized for medical applications
Because of its corrosion resistant, high strength, and biocompatible applications. The mechanical properties of CP titanium are influenced by small additions of oxygen and iron. By careful control of these additions,the various grades of CP titanium are produced to give properties suited to different applications. CP titanium with the lowest oxygen and iron levels makes the most formable grade of material; while progressively higher oxygen content results in higher strength levels.
Commercially pure titanium grades
• CP titanium grade 1 (softest)
• CP titanium grade 2
• CP titanium grade 3
• CP titanium grade 4 (hardest)
| Abutment material |
Forming the peri-implant seal |
Maintaining the peri-implant seal |
| Titanium (machined or polished) |
Long-term studies supporting favorable soft tissue results with machined or polished titanium. Most validated abutment material in the literature |
Long-term studies supporting favorable soft tissue maintenance with machined or polished titanium. Most validated abutment material in the literature |
| Titanium abutments with a Laser-Lok transmucosal collar |
Greatest ability to form a connective tissue attachment compared with all other abutment materials on the market |
Strongest peri-implant seal permitting improved long-term soft tissue maintenance (comparable mucosal seal to the natural dentition) |
| Gold | Conflicting studies in the literature concerning the ability to form an adequate peri-implant seal |
Strongest peri-implant seal permitting improved long-term soft tissue maintenance (comparable mucosal seal to the natural dentition) |
| PEEK (polyether ether ketone) |
Comparable soft | Comparable hygienicz properties to titanium |
| Zirconia | Comparable ability to form a peri-implant seal to that of machined or polished titanium |
Most hygienic abutment on the market allowing improved long-term maintenance of the peri-implant seal |
