Proteins are among the most complex organic compounds found in nature. They are made up of nitrogen containing compounds known as amino acids. During the digestion of proteins, hydrochloric acid and proteolytic enzymes break down the intact protein molecule into amino acids which are then absorbed through the intestinal wall in higher organisms and cell membrane in microorganisms.
Every animal, including humans, must have an adequate source of protein in order to grow or maintain itself. Proteins, which yield amino acids, are the fundamental structural element of every cell in the body. Specific proteins are now recognized as the functional elements in certain specialized cells, glandular secretions, enzymes and hormones.
Protease refers to a group of enzymes whose catalytic function is to hydrolyze (breakdown) proteins. They are also called proteolytic enzymes or proteinases. Proteases play a critical role in many physiological and patho-physiological processes. Proteases find extensive applications in the food and dairy industries.
