Carburetor is a mechanical device under the action of vacuum generated by the engine, a certain proportion of gas and air mixture. Carburetor as a sophisticated mechanical device, an important role in its engine engine can be called the "heart." Its complete device should include starter, idle equipment, medium load device, full load device accelerator. Carburetor according to different needs of the engine operation state, the corresponding concentration ratio automatically, the output corresponding to the amount of mixed gas, in order to make the mixture with the uniform mixing, further comprises a carburetor for fuel atomization effect for the normal operation of the machine.
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Divided into simple and complex carburetor carburetor carburetor. Can be divided into downdraft carburetor with flat suction. From the type of carburetor throttle points, can be divided into rotary and lift. The rotary throttle valve in the intake pipe between the carburetor throat and disposed about the axis of rotation of a disc-shaped throttle valve changes the flow area of the inlet. Lift the throttle plate configured to form a barrel-shaped throttle up and down movement of the pipes, change the channel area of the throat at the motorcycle carburetor multi-use this form. There is also a carburetor is a hybrid form of the two, employing rotary throttle control, with the diaphragm lift throttle control, which is often used in the motorcycle, called CV style.
By a simple carburetor on the lower three parts, with the inlet portion and the float chamber, the intermediate portion has a throat, and a nozzle orifice, the throttle valve and other parts. Float chamber is a rectangular container, stored gasoline from the fuel pump, the container which has a float use of flotation (oil) into the oil with a high degree of control. Nozzle orifice into one end of the central oil port in communication with the float chamber, the other end of the oil port in the throat throat.
Waspish throat was like, two big middle small cross-sectional area between the throat where the minimum. When the engine starts to generate suction piston down, inhaled air passes through the throat at maximum speed, static pressure is the lowest pressure less than atmospheric pressure so the pipes, that produced a pressure difference between the throat and the throat float chamber, namely With commonly known as "vacuum level", the greater the degree of vacuum pressure difference greater. Gasoline in the role of vacuum ejected from the nozzle outlet ports, since the air velocity at the throat throat flow rate is 25 times that of gasoline, so the flow of oil spray nozzle i.e. high speed air flow to break up to form size ranging from mist particles, i.e., the "fog." Initially atomized oil particles are mixed with air as a "mixture", as the throttle valve, the intake pipe (4) and the intake valve (5) into the cylinder chamber. Here, the size of the throttle opening and engine speed determines the degree of vacuum hose Department, and the throttle opening change directly affects the proportion of ingredients of the mixture, these are important reasons affecting engine operation.
This involves an "air-fuel ratio" concept, the so-called air-fuel ratio is the ratio of air quality and fuel quality, the scientists believe that one kilogram of gasoline is about 14.7 kg of air for complete combustion, ie air-fuel ratio of 14.7:1, the air-fuel ratio called the standard mixed gas mixture, since this value is difficult to achieve in practice, it is also referred to as "mixed gas theory." Air-fuel ratio greater than the standard referred to as the lean mixture gas, the mixture is less than the standard called rich mixture.
Due to changes in the concentration of the mixture to the engine load changes under various operating conditions are closely related, a simple carburetor far failed to meet the requirements of this change at any time, so people are constantly adding new device in a simple carburetor carburetor adjustment working condition. Development today, on the formation of a variety of assistive devices carburetor, mainly idle, concentration, speed and boot device. Currently 4-cylinder engine carburetor is common lumen Iso-carburetor, it has two pipes, or working simultaneously in accordance with the engine operating conditions were different. 6-cylinder engine carburetor is common lumen and acting carburetor, it is actually two single-chamber carburettor and together, each cavity is responsible for half the number of mixed gas supply cylinder. There are multi-cavity carburetor, usually mounted on the engine power greater.
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Among a variety of functions means the carburetor, the main oil installations are in addition to idling, the engine operating conditions require other kinds of oil installations, oil is the basic structure of the carburetor. Idling device is small and concentrated to provide a device of the mixture at idle running, in order to maintain the stability of the lowest engine speed. Concentrated device is a device when the engine extra large fuel load to compensate for the lack of primary fuel. Accelerating means is an additional supply means when the vehicle acceleration when the throttle opening increases suddenly, and the power of the engine rotation speed can be increased quickly. Activation means provide a very rich mixture when the engine is cold start device, a common way is to install a pipe in front of the choke to control the amount of intake air.
Particular mention here idle. Engine idle speed is the most common operating conditions for the engine does not stall hot start and stop the process and so on. For cars with performance is very important, especially in urban driving, the idling condition often determines the level of fuel consumption and emissions of cars.
Engine idling speed is generally only 600-800 rev / min, close off the throttle, the rotational speed of the pipe so that the vacuum generated by the fuel from the float chamber can not smoothly sucked, but the degree of vacuum behind the throttle is very high. So only on the basis of a simple carburetor idle a separate oil passages, after its orifice in the throttle, the problem is solved.
Since the idle speed requires less concentrated mixture of the engine operating condition is sensitive both to achieve a stable idling speed and also the minimum, and should be adjusted to adjust the throttle opening degree of the minimum fuel control. There are two carburetor idle adjustment screw means, respectively, and a throttle opening degree adjusting oil. Meanwhile, in order to prevent the car off the ignition switch while the engine is still running phenomenon in the carburetor idle oil tract also has idle solenoid valve, dedicated to the opening and closing idle oil passages, to protect the engine can quickly stall.
Such a simple carburetor engine can not meet the conditions in the various components of the mixed gas requirements. Thus, the general internal combustion engines, especially in the automotive internal combustion engines used carburetors also need to have other systems, including the main oil line, idle system, enriched systems, accelerating system and starting system.
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