Anchor is to have a specific shape, thrown into the water can quickly gnaw into the subsoil providing grip strength, through the top of anchor chain or cable, will leave the ship or other floating system in the predetermined area of special equipment. Anchor is the main parts make anchor force. The shape of anchor is special, usually made of forged steel or cast steel. The anchor consists of anchor body and anchor bar, anchor consist of anchor shackle, anchor shank, anchor crown, anchor arm, anchor fluke.
The number and weight of anchor are determined according to the number of outfitting capacity, or according to the ship's displacement, upper water is affected by wind area, resistance, anchoring depth and the length of anchor chain. A ship with three main anchor (two bow anchor and a spare anchor). Submarine anchor of superstructure use short shank anchor, so as not to equip difficult. Anchor in the rated weight conditions to ensure maximum grip strength and in any dropping conditions of various subsoil can rapidly meshing, heaving up anchor and easy to emerge from the subsoil, close to the broadside of hiding anchor when should be hawse pipe, anchor points, or anchor frame fit well with.
Commonly the merchant vessel use stockless anchor
Basic requirements of anchor
Anchor is main device to tie the ship, its performance directly affect ship's reliably captive, so the performance put forward very high requirements.
1 .grasping force
This is the most basic performance requirements. Measurement of the performance of the ship's anchor holding performance is usually referred to as the grasping force coefficient. Holding force coefficient is equal to the quality of the anchor in the anchor in the subsoil caught in the air force divided by the anchor. According to common sense, the greater the quality of the anchor, the greater its grip strength; but most of the anchor with the quality of the increase, the coefficient of its grip force is a downward trend in the determination of the anchor should pay attention to the characteristics of the.
2 .can adapt to a variety of different subsoil quality
Generally, due to the vast area of navigation, the bottom of the ship is very large, so the configuration of the anchor type requirements can adapt to a variety of bottom.
3. solid structure
Ship in the process of anchoring and mooring may bear a variety of complex load, so anchor structure should be strong enough to ensure the safe use.
4, good stability, easy to merge
Ship in anchor mooring process, due to the wind direction and the direction of the flow changes around the ship cast anchor rotary, uneven ground the anchor force and cause anchor turn over and was pulled out of the subsoil, so good stability for the anchor is very important. Anchor bar with stability is better, but the collection inconvenience anchor. In some cases, such as ship to load or a sudden increase in anchor may still is from the subsoil in pull out, thus requiring anchor with re meshing subsoil characteristics.
5 into soil short distance
Anchor is thrown into the water after, in cable affects the fluke gradually meshes into the subsoil, from the beginning to all mesh into the subsoil play maximum grip the distance shorter is better.
6 small pull force
The anchor, the anchor pull out from the subsoil in force as small as possible, this will help reduce the burden of the anchor machine.
7 good self-cleaning
The anchor in the anchor from the subsoil, should not have a lot of dirt, otherwise it will increase the burden of the anchor machine. At the same time anchor in the process of removing the water, the soil should be basically clear clean.
8 convenient collection
General anchor used in the hawse pipe, usually without rod rotating claw anchor is easier to be accepted into the hawse pipe, anchor rod and fixed claw anchor that are the anchor frame.
Type of anchor
Many types of anchor, according to its structure and shape is divided into: stock anchor, stockless anchor, high holding power anchor and special purpose single claw anchor, double fluke anchor, grapnel anchor, bacteria anchor, floating anchor; divided by setting, the location and use: bow anchor, stern anchor, spare anchor, shift anchors, position anchor, back beach anchor and deep-sea anchor, mooring anchor etc.
Anchor structure
Like Hall anchor, composed of anchor shaft, anchor body and shaft pin. Both the upper and the lower anchor hole, the upper part of anchor hole connecting shackle, anchor hole at the lower part of body is connected by a pin shaft .The anchor body is composed of two anchor fluke and anchor crown .anchor crown in hole can make the anchor stem through that hole has two and a half round groove, the pin shaft can rotate in the groove. To prevent the anchor stem and pin to emerge from the crown, with two cross pin pinned, and the cross pin and the anchor crown welded by welding. The prominent part of crown on both sides called help catch make fluke easily buried in subsoil.
