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Induction Bends

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Induction Bends

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Specification:

ANSI/ASME B16.49-2001
ASME B31
MSS SP-75-1998

ISO 15590-2 Petroleum and natural gas industries - induction bends, fittings and flanges for pipeline transportation systems Part 2: Fittings

EN 14870-1,2,3 Petroleum and natural gas industries. Induction bends, fittings and flanges for pipeline transportation systems. Flanges

Outside diameter: 25-φ1620
Bend radius:3-12m(9.84ft-40 ft)
Max wall thickness: 120mm(4.7in)
Angle≤90°

Carbon steels such as API 5L Gr B / ASTM A106 Gr B
High-yield steels from API 5L X42 through to X80(including internally clad)
Low-temperature materials, e.g. ASTM A333 Gr 6
Duplex and super-duplex steels, e.g. 22% Cr (UNS S31803) and 25% Cr (UNS S32750 / 60)
High-chrome materials, including ASTM A335 P11, P22 and P91, etc.
Stainless steels – ASTM A312 304L, 316L, 321, etc.
'Specialist' steels such as AISI 4130, Inconel, Hastelloy

Mother Pipe: Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Stainless Steel, High Chrome Steel, High Nickel High Chrome Steel, Monel Metal, Copper Alloy, Titanium.

Nominal Pipe Size in	Outside diameter O.D.(mm)	BENDING RADIUS(mm)						Angle Bending θ	Tangent Length at Each end	Wall Thickness (mm)
Nominal Pipe Size in	Outside diameter O.D.(mm)	3D	4D	5D	6D	8D	10D	Angle Bending θ	Tangent Length at Each end	Wall Thickness (mm)
3"	89	267	356	445	534	712	890	90°,60° 45°,30° 22.5°,or as per the choice of purchaser	350	Sch STD, sch10,Sch20, Sch30,Sch40, Sch80,etc. or as per the choice of purchaser
4"	114	342	456	570	684	912	1140		350
6"	168	504	672	840	1008	1344	1680		350
8"	219	657	876	1095	1314	1752	2190		700
10"	273	819	1092	1365	1638	2184	2730		700
12"	325	975	1300	1625	1950	2600	3250		700
14"	356	1068	1424	1780	2136	2848	3560		700
16"	406	1218	1624	2030	2436	3248	4060		700
18"	457	1371	1828	2285	2742	3656	4570		1000
20"	508	1524	2032	2540	3048	4064	5080		1000
22"	559	1677	2236	2795	3354	4472	5590		1000
24"	610	1830	2440	3050	3660	4880	6100		1000
26"	660	1980	2640	3300	3960	5280	6600		1D (Outside diameter of bend)or as per the choice of purchaser
28"	711	2133	2844	3555	4266	5688	7110
30"	762	2286	3048	3810	4572	6096	7620
32"	813	2439	3252	4065	4878	6504	8130
34"	864	2592	3456	4320	5184	6912	8640
36"	914	2742	3656	4570	5484	7312	9140
38"	965	2895	3860	4825	5790	7720	9650
40"	1016	3048	4064	5080	6096	8128	10160
42"	1067	3201	4268	5335	6402	8536	10670
44"	1118	3354	4472	5590	6708	8944	11180
46"	1168	3504	4672	5840	7008	9344	11680
48"	1219	3657	4876	6095	7314	9752	12190
50"	1270	3810	5080	6350	7620	10160	12700
52"	1321	3963	5284	6605	7926	10568	13210
54"	1372	4116	5488	6860	8232	10976	13720
56"	1422	4266	5688	7110	8532	11376	14220

Bend end preparation:Welding ends to be beveled as per ASME B16.25 or as per specified by purchaser.
Induction Pipe Bending Standard Bend Tolerances
Bend Angle:±1/2°
Bend Radius:±1%
Bend Plane:±1°
End squareness
Size NPS36" and smaller:2.4mm(0.09")
Size Greater than NPS36":3.0mm(0.12")
Linear Dimensions
Size Nps24" and smaller:±5mm(0.19")
Size Greater than NPS 24":±6mm(0.25")
Thinning: <0.10% of the bend nominal wall thickness
or ≤50D/R(%)(R=bend centerline radius,
D=nominal outside diameter of starter stock)
or ≤0.05% of the nominal wall thickness of the matching pipe.

Specifications

Induction Bending is a controlled means of bending pipes through the application of local heating using high frequency induced electrical power.

Originally used for the purpose of surface hardening steels, induction technology when used in pipe bending consists basically of an induction coil placed around the pipe to be bent. The induction coil heats a narrow, circumferential section of the pipe to a temperature of between 850 and 1100 degrees Celsius (dependant on the material to be formed). As the correct bending temperature range is reached, the pipe is moved slowly through the induction coil whilst the bending force is applied by a fixed radius arm arrangement.

As the bending occurs, the adjacent area forward of the heat band is water or air quenched (or may be allowed to cool naturally) thereby allowing the cool material to either side of the 'heat band' to retain the integrity of the original material as best as possible. This means of distortion control provides excellent dimensional accuracy and repeatability.

Achieved tolerances when forming induction bends are to some extent governed by the materials in hand and the required format of the finished product however the following are the minimum standards to which Induction Pipe Bending UK Ltd operate:

Angle:
Radius:
Linear distances:
Linear plane:
+ / - 0.5 degrees
+ / - 1.0% of nominal
+ / - 3.0mm (1.5" to 12" NB & + / - 5.0mm from 12” to 20” NB)
+ / - 1.0% of centre line radius

Although induction bending produces excellent results as far as physical properties are concerned, it must be noted that there are two important considerations required – firstly the reduction in wall thickness at the outside (extrados) of the bend and secondly the degree of ovality which is present.

The induction pipe bending process uses induction heating to produce highly accurate bends. The quality of induction bends is superior to the elbow fitting. Hydro burst tests show that spools with induction bends fail in the straight pipe and not in the bend, whereas in comparable elbow-based systems the elbow (inside radius) is always the first to burst. Stress calculations confirm this. The natural tendency to have a thicker inside wall thus proves to be advantageous and ensures that the bend exceeds the strength of the straight pipe. Many companies have exclusively chosen Cojafex equipment for their induction bending. These benders are used in the following industries:

Chemical and petrochemical
Power generation
Pipeline, on and offshore, including compressor and pump stations
Ship building
Construction (structural shapes)

ANSI/ASME B16.9-2001
ASME B31
MSS SP-75-1998
ISO 15590-2 Petroleum and natural gas industries - induction bends, fittings and flanges for pipeline transportation systems Part 2: Fittings

Standard Met

ANSI/ASME B16.49-2001 Factory-Made Wrought Steel Buttwelding Induction Bends for Transportation and Distribution Systems

This Standard covers design, material, manufacturing, testing, marking, and inspection requirements for factory-made pipeline bends of carbon steel materials having controlled chemistry and mechanical properties, produced by the induction bending process, with or without tangents. This Standard covers induction bends for transportation and distribution piping applications (e.g., ASME B31.4, B31.8, and B31.11) Process and power piping have differing requirements and materials that may not be appropriate for the restrictions and examinations described herein, and therefore are not included in this Standard.

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