Reciprocating internal combustion engine crank linkage is in power transmission systems. Crank Mechanism is the main moving parts of the engine duty cycle to achieve complete energy conversion. In the power stroke, the piston reciprocates the heat generated by combustion of the fuel will, by the rotation of the crankshaft into mechanical energy, the external power output; other stroke, rely on the inertia of rotation of the flywheel and the crank, the vertical movement of the piston rod driven by for the next work done to create the conditions.
Crank linkage role is to provide the combustion space, the role of gas produced by the combustion of the fuel pressure at the top of the piston into the expansion of crankshaft rotation torque, continuous output power.
(1) The pressure of the gas into torque of the crankshaft
(2) reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft
(3) the combustion of a force acting on the piston crown into the crankshaft torque to output mechanical energy to mechanical work.
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Crank linkage group by the body, piston rod group, crankshaft flywheel group composed of three parts.
(1) organism groups: the cylinder block, cylinder head gasket, cylinder head, crankcase, cylinder liners and oil pan
(2) Piston rod Group: pistons, piston rings, piston pins, connecting rods
(3) Crankshaft Flywheel Group: crankshaft, flywheel, torsional damper, balance shaft
Organism group
The body is a skeleton composed of the engine, the engine was installed base of agencies and systems, its internal and external installation of parts and accessories for all major engine, subjected to various loads. Therefore, the body must have sufficient strength and rigidity.
The cylinder block
The base body is a cylinder assembly of the engine system and the institutions, the most important engine parts. The cylinder block has a water-cooled and air-cooled cylinder cylinder block.
Water-cooled cylinder block and crankcase generally cast one. Cylinder upper body cavity took out all cylinders, cylinders interconnected constitute surrounding water jacket. The lower half of the crankcase for supporting a crankshaft.
The cylinder block has a line, V-shaped and horizontally opposed three forms, commonly used in the automotive and V-shaped two-line. Structure of the lower cylinder block has a general formula, gantry, and three forms of tunnel air-cooled cylinder block and crankcase split structure, the cylinder block and crankcase casting separately and then assembled together. The outer surface of the cylinder block and the cylinder head casting to ensure that there are many adequate cooling fins, the cylinder material is generally gray cast iron to improve the wear resistance of the cylinder, sometimes with small amounts of alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum, chromium and phosphorus in cast iron and so on. Actually, however, in addition to the piston with the cylinder wall surface, the other part does not require a high wear resistance. For economical materials, the widespread adoption of the cylinder into the cylinder sleeve inlay work surface to form a cylinder. Thus, the liner can be used better wear resistance alloy cast iron or alloy steel to extend the service life of the cylinder, while the lower cylinder available price of ordinary cast iron or aluminum alloy material. Cylinder liner has dry and wet two.
Dry the outer surface of the cylinder liner is not in direct contact with the cold water, the wall thickness is generally 1 ~ 3mm. The outer surface of the cylinder inner surface of the cylinder liner fitted with interference fit.
Wet cylinder direct contact with the outer surface of the cooling water, cooling effect. Liner wall thickness thicker than dry, usually 5 ~ 9mm.
Cylinder head
The main role of the cylinder head upper cylinder is closed, the top of the cylinder wall and the piston defining the combustion chamber together.
General water-cooled engine cylinder head cooling water jacket cast, face and upper cylinder water jacket for under the corresponding head is the same, the use of water to cool the high temperature part of the cycle of the combustion chamber wall, etc.; air-cooled engine cylinder head there are many on the cast heat sink to reduce heat dissipation area by increasing the temperature of the combustion chamber.
Engine cylinder head intake and exhaust valve seat should be the conduit and into the exhaust passage and so on. Gasoline engine cylinder head should have the spark plug hole, while diesel has to do is install the injector hole.
Cylinder Head Gasket
Between the cylinder head with the cylinder liner and the cylinder body, whose role is to ensure the sealing between the cylinder head and cylinder block, to prevent combustion gas leakage, leaking water jacket.
Sump
Primary role is to store the oil sump and a closed crankcase. Sump force is very small, typically a thin steel plate stamping.
Piston rod group
Piston rod group consists of pistons, piston rings, piston pins, connecting rods, connecting rod bearing and other components.
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Piston
The piston and the cylinder head, cylinder wall or the like composed of the combustion chamber and exposed to the gas pressure cylinder, the force transmitted by the piston rod pin to drive rotation of the crankshaft.
The piston head is divided into three parts, the annular groove portion and the skirt portion.
Piston head of the piston is part of the combustion chamber, depending on the form of the combustion chamber shape. Common piston head shape with a flat top style, top-concave and convex-top.
Piston ring groove in the piston ring groove installation. Gasoline generally 2 to 3 ring groove, the top 1 to 2 to install gas rings, cylinder seals achieve; along the bottom for mounting on the bottom surface of the oil ring oil ring back hole drilled with a plurality of radially. when the downward movement of the piston, the cylinder wall oil ring scrape excess oil back into the sump through the return hole. If the temperature is too high, the first ring is easy to produce coke, overheating stuck.
Piston skirt piston skirt serves as a guide.
Piston Ring
Piston ring mounted in the piston ring groove for sealing the gap between the piston and the cylinder wall to prevent the blow-by gas, the piston reciprocates while it McNair. Piston rings are divided into two gas rings and oil.
Piston pin
Piston pin is connected to the piston and connecting rod small end, and pass gas forces the piston rod suffered.
Usually hollow cylinder piston pin, sometimes made at equal strength requirements section of the tubular structure.
Piston pin generally use low-carbon steel or low-carbon alloy.
Piston pin and piston pin bore and connecting rod small end bushing hole with full floating and semi-floating connection. Connection with full floating piston pin can rotate freely in the hole; semi-floating connection, for the interference fit between the pin and connecting rod small end, the work does not occur relative rotation; between the pin and the pin bore piston is clearance fit.
Link
Role of the piston rod is exposed to the force to the crankshaft, and to the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion of the crankshaft.
Link from the link body, rod cap, connecting rod bolts and connecting rod bearings and other parts, connecting rod and rod cap into the body connecting rod small head, shaft and connecting rod.
Rod Small End to install piston pin to connect the piston. Shaft usually made of "workers" or "H"-shaped cross-section, in order to reduce the quality to meet the strength and stiffness requirements of the premise.
Connecting rod and crankshaft connecting rod journal. Generally made separate type, with the shaft cut half called rod cap, both of which rely on the connecting rod bolt connection as a whole.
Installed in the connecting rod connecting rod bearing seat hole in the connecting rod journal on the crankshaft mounted and together with, the most important one with the Vice engines. Less common run-mainly white gold alloys, copper-lead alloy and aluminum alloys.
Crankshaft flywheel group is mainly composed of the crankshaft, flywheel, and some accessories.
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